Enums and Pattern Matching

Enums define types by enumerating possible variants, enabling type-safe variant handling through pattern matching. This chapter covers:

• Enum definition and variant syntax
• The Option<T> enum as Rust’s null safety mechanism
• match expressions for exhaustive pattern matching
• if let and let else for concise single-pattern matching

Enums combined with pattern matching provide powerful abstractions for modeling domain data and eliminating entire classes of runtime errors.